Fubuki XF Long Sheath guide catheter use in neuroendovascular procedures: Institutional experience in 60 cases.

BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment devices require compatible guide catheters to navigate complex vessels and anatomy. The Fubuki XF Long Sheath guide catheter (Fubuki XF) was developed with a 0.090-inch internal diameter with hydrophilic coating, an atraumatic rounded tip, and enhanced trackability and support with gradual shaft transition zones. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained database of neuroendovascular patients treated using Fubuki XF at our center (July 2022─May 2023). Baseline/procedural characteristics were collected. Outcomes of interest included technical success (procedure completion with Fubuki XF without alternative guide catheter use) and peri-procedural complications. RESULTS: This study included 60 patients (43.3% [26/60] female; mean age: 69.6 ± 9.7) presenting with stenosis (45.0% [27/60]), unruptured aneurysms (31.7% [19/60]), ruptured aneurysm (1.7% [1/60]), arteriovenous fistula (5.0% [3/60]), arteriovenous malformation (3.3% [2/60]), chronic subdural hematoma (3.3% [2/60]), stroke/emboli (6.7% [4/60]), vasospasm (1.7% [1/60]), or carotid web (5.0% [1/60]). Fubuki XF was used to deliver endovascular treatment devices for stenting (43.3% [26/60]), flow diversion (23.3% [14/60]), embolization (11.7% [7/60]), coiling (10.0% [6/60]), balloon angioplasty (10.0% [6/60]), and mechanical thrombectomy (1.7% [1/60]). The Fubuki XF tip was placed in the internal carotid artery in 38.3% (23/60) of cases. Technical success was achieved in all cases. One V1 non-flow-limiting dissection (not related to Fubuki XF) and one failed closure occurred (1.7% [1/60] each). No iatrogenic strokes or intraprocedural ruptures occurred. CONCLUSION: We used Fubuki XF to safely and effectively deliver a variety of compatible neuroendovascular devices. Fubuki XF was stable in all cases and locations, and there were no device-related complications or dissections.

Interventions to manage occluded central venous access devices: An umbrella review.

The main objective of this umbrella review is to synthesise available evidence from systematic reviews on the effectiveness of interventions for the management of occlusions in central venous access devices. CVADS have been extensively utilised among the critically ill since the 1950s however have also been linked to an increase in catheter complications. CVAD occlusion can occur in 14%-36% of patients within 1-2 years of catheter placement and is a longstanding complication. Umbrella methodology was applied to review five healthcare databases. Databases were searched for publications from 2009 and 2022 and electronic keywords searches were conducted. The authors searched for reviews that reported on any intervention to prevent, maintain or manage patency of the central venous access devices within an acute care setting. Of the 278 articles identified from the initial search a total of 11 articles were identified. This umbrella review concluded that education enhances patient outcomes and decreases occlusion rates. Further studies are required to explore occlusion reduction strategies in relation to flushing and locking.

Incidence and clinical progression of asymptomatic peripherally inserted central catheter-related thrombosis in solid neoplasm patients: ultrasound insights from a prospective cohort study.

Background: Managing central venous catheters in patients with neoplasms is challenging, and peripherally inserted central catheter PORT (PICC-PORT) has emerged as a promising option for safety and efficacy. However, understanding the clinical progression of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in cancer patients with central venous catheters remains limited, especially in certain neoplasm types associated with a higher risk of venous thrombosis. Objectives: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided management in detecting and treating asymptomatic CRT in cancer patients with PICC. Methods: In this prospective cohort study of 120 patients with solid neoplasms receiving chemotherapy, we investigated the incidence of isolated upper-extremity superficial vein thrombosis, upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis, and fibrin sheath formation through ultrasound follow-up at 30 and 90 days after catheter insertion. We analyzed risk factors associated with CRT and compared incidence rates between PICC-PORT and traditional PICC. Results: Among the cohort, 69 patients (57.5%) had high-risk thromboembolic neoplasm, and 31 cases (25.8%) of CRT were observed, mostly within 30 days, with only 7 cases (22.6%) showing symptoms. Traditional PICC use (odds ratio, 5.86; 95% CI, 1.14-30) and high-risk thromboembolic neoplasm (odds ratio, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.26-15.81) were identified as independent risk factors for CRT. Conclusion: The majority of CRT present asymptomatically within the first 30 days of venous catheter insertion in patients with solid neoplasms. Ultrasound follow-up is valuable for detecting asymptomatic CRT. The risk of CRT was lower with PICC-PORT than with PICC. Additionally, the risk of CRT was found to be higher in patients with high-risk thromboembolic neoplasms. It is crucial for larger studies to confirm the utility of treating asymptomatic thromboses and isolated superficial thrombosis.

Peripheral arterial catheter securement and catheter survival in the pediatric intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial catheters (PACs), and their associated complications, are common in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Accidental catheter displacement and non-functional PACs are the most common complications, and this may be related to inadequate catheter securement. There is mixed guidance on the best way to secure PACs to prevent complications. The authors hypothesized that sutures would not be associated with a decreased risk of malfunction or accidental removal. METHODS: This was a single center retrospective cohort study at a quaternary-care PICU. PICU patients with a peripheral arterial catheter placed in the PICU from 7/2020 to 1/2023 were included. The primary outcome was unplanned PAC removal. A univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed, using patient weight, sedation, paralytic, and role of the proceduralist as covariates. The secondary outcome was survival probability. A log-rank test was used to compare survival curves. RESULTS: Of 761 PACs that met inclusion criteria in 437 unique patients, 599 were sutured (78.7%) and 162 were un-sutured (21.3%). In 257 cases (33.8%), the PAC had an unplanned removal. Among all PACs, the median duration of PAC placement was 5.3 days (IQR 2.1-10.5 days). There was an unplanned removal rate of 42.2% (68) in the un-sutured group and 31.4% (188) in the sutured group (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, sutured PACs were also associated with a lower rate of unplanned removal (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.78). Use of continuous sedation was also associated with an increased risk of unplanned removal of PACs (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10-2.16). There was a 50% survival probability at 13.3 days for un-sutured PACs and 23.7 days for sutured PACs. CONCLUSIONS: Suturing is associated with fewer unplanned removals and longer catheter survival, compared to un-sutured PACs in pediatric patients.

Technical Feasibility and Safety of Central Venous Ports for Intravenous Chemotherapy in Infants With Retinoblastoma: A Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: The central venous port (CVP) is widely used for intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) in adult patients because of its lower infection rates and easier management than that of a central venous catheter. However, the feasibility and safety of the CVP for IVC in infants remain unknown. This study evaluated the usefulness of CVP for IVC in infants with retinoblastoma. METHODS: The usefulness of CVP was retrospectively evaluated using technical success rates, the safety of CVP placement, and postoperative procedure-related complications in 18 infants with retinoblastoma. This study was conducted at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan. RESULTS: The technical success rate was 100% (18/18) without any procedure-related complications. The sum duration of CVP implantation was 12,836 days (mean: 713 ± 453 days, range: 10-1,639 days). Postoperative complications were observed in two cases; one was a port reversal after 20 days, which was reversed by incisional surgery, and another was a catheter-related bloodstream infection after eight days, resulting in CVP removal. The total incidence of CVP-related infections was 5.6% (1/18) and 0.08/1000 catheter days. No other CVP-related complications were noted. CONCLUSION: The use of the CVP for IVC in infants with retinoblastoma was feasible with few complications.

Abordaje del acceso vascular por equipo de terapia infusional: seguridad y calidad asistencial / Approach to vascular access by infusion therapy team: safety and quality of care

Objetivo: describir la evolución del modelo de atención del acceso vascular por un equipo de terapia infusional enfermero referente (ETI) y sus resultados en la seguridad vinculados al acceso vascular central de inserción periférica (PICC) en pacientes oncohematológicos. Métodos: estudio observacional en una cohorte retrospectiva de 3.423 pacientes oncohematológicos a los cuales se les indicó un PICC ambulatoriamente durante 2012-2021. Variables: modelo de atención, motivo de la indicación, método de comprobación de la colocación del acceso, complicaciones del acceso vascular. Recogida de información mediante datos primarios del registro de acceso vascular y registro clínico de la historia informatizada ESPOQ2©. Análisis descriptivo paquete estadístico IBM SPSS® V.23.0 . Resultados: la creación de un equipo referente de terapia infusional incrementó la capacidad de colocación de catéteres, pasando de 98 (2013) a 768 (2021). La indicación del PICC pasó del 45,80% por instauración de quimioterapia mediante bomba de infusión domiciliaria (2016) al 93,70% por indicación por fármaco irritante o vesicante (2021) (p< 0,001). La introducción de la técnica ecoguiada y método electro-intracavitario de control de punta disminuyeron las complicaciones por flebitis mecánicas y la radiación por comprobación de catéter (p< 0,001). Conclusiones: los modelos de atención con equipos de terapia infusional referentes consolidados incrementan la seguridad del paciente oncológico portador de acceso vascular PICC.(AU)

Objective: to describe the evolution of the vascular access care model led by a nurse infusion therapy (ETI) team and its safety results associated with peripherally inserted central vascular access (PICC) in oncohematology patients. Methods: descriptive observational study in a retrospective cohort in 3,423 oncohaematological patients who were indicated for a PICC on an outpatient basis during 2012 to 2021. Variables: Care model, reason for the indication, access placement verification method, vascular access complications. Data collection using primary data from the vascular access registry and clinical registry of the ESPOQ2© computerized history. Descriptive analysis using IBM® SPSS® Statistics V.23.0. Results: infusional teams' reference increased the capacity to place catheters, going from 98 (2013) to 768 (2021). The indication for the PICC went from 45.80% due to initiation of chemotherapy home infusion (2016) to 93.70% due to an indication for an irritant or vesicant drug (2021) (p< 0.001). The introduction of the ultrasound-guided technique and electro-intracavitary method of tip control decreased complications due to mechanical phlebitis and radiation due to catheter verification (p< 0.001). Conclusions: care models with consolidated reference infusion therapy teams increase the safety of cancer patients with PICC vascular access.(AU)

Mechanical thrombectomy for occlusion of the fenestrated middle cerebral artery M1 segment: A case report and review of the literature.

It is impossible to predict underlying anomalies in acute large vessel occlusion and it could be a problem when performing mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We report a case of MT for occlusion of the fenestrated middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 segment. A 49-year-old woman presented to our hospital with dysarthria and left hemiparesis. Acute ischemic stroke due to right occluded MCA was diagnosed. During performing emergent MT, a part of the M1 segment was revealed to be slit-shaped by digital subtraction angiography, suggesting a fenestrated MCA. The aspiration catheter could not be advanced through the narrow limb of the fenestration, and the distal thrombus was retrieved using a stent retriever, additionally. Postoperatively, the patient's symptoms improved without complications. When occlusion of the fenestrated MCA is suspected, it is necessary to consider converting the strategy from an aspiration catheter alone to the combined use of a stent retriever.

Factors Related to the Development of Infective Endocarditis in Hemodialysis Patients in a Third-Level Hospital in Panama.

INTRODUCTION: Venous access for hemodialysis (HD) makes patients more susceptible to transient bacteremia, predisposing them to the development of infective endocarditis (IE). Among the risk factors observed in this population are temporary access to HD, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes mellitus, female gender, anemia, and colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). METHODOLOGY: A retrospective case-control study with a one-to-two ratio was carried out on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing renal replacement therapy with at least one vascular access for HD at Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid (CHDrAAM) from 2010 to 2020. Sociodemographic variables, past medical history, and data on current HD were studied. The odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were calculated for the collected variables. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed in sociodemographic variables. In terms of past medical history, the cases showed a predominance of coronary disease (47.6% vs 4.8%; OR: 37.27), valvular disease (23.8% vs 0%), and heart failure (33.3% vs 4.8%; OR: 10). In the cases, the use of a temporary catheter was more prevalent (61.9% vs 33.3%; OR: 3.25), and subclavian access was more frequently recorded (28.6% vs 2.4%; OR: 14.4). A short duration of venous access (<30 days) was found in a greater proportion of cases (23.8% vs 4.8%; OR: 6.25). The main pathogen isolated was S. aureus (33.3%), and the most affected valve was the aortic valve (59.1%). Fever was found in 100% of the reported cases, and up to 47.6% presented with a recent murmur. DISCUSSION: Similar to previous studies conducted in other countries, we identified a history of pre-existing valve disease, the use of a temporary catheter, and recent venous access as risk factors. Contrary to what has been reported in the literature, this study did not find female sex, diabetes mellitus, and hypoalbuminemia as risks. CONCLUSION: Factors such as a history of coronary artery disease, heart failure, preexisting valvular disease, the use of a temporary catheter, subclavian venous access, and short duration of venous access (<30 days) were identified as risk factors for the development of IE in patients with CKD on HD.

Nurse-focused ultrasound-guided IV program improves core emergency department process measures.

INTRODUCTION: Ultrasound-guided peripheral IV catheter (USGIV) insertion is as an effective procedure to establish access in patients with difficult intravenous access (DIVA), a condition frequently encountered in the Emergency Department (ED). This study describes a DIVA quality improvement program focusing on rapid identification of DIVA patients and emergency nurse USGIV training and evaluates its impact on overall frequency of USGIV use and process measures related to quality of patient care. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients over 18 years of age, presenting to a single, tertiary care hospital between September 1, 2018 and September 30, 2020. Difference-in-difference analysis was used to compare ED process measures pre- and post-implementation of the DIVA Program, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associations between patient characteristics and difficult IV access. RESULTS: The frequency of ED encounters associated with USGIV placement more than doubled post-implementation of the DIVA Program, rising from 606 to 1323. There were improved covariate-adjusted time estimates of core ED process measures for encounters associated with USGIV placement post-implementation, including decreases in time to CT with contrast from 4.8 h (95% CI = 4.4-5.2) to 4.1 h (95% CI = 3.8-4.4), pain medications from 2.4 h (95% CI = 2.1-2.6) to 1.8 h (95% CI = 1.6-2.0), IV antibiotics from 3.0 h (95% CI = 2.4-3.7) to 2.1 h (95% CI = 1.5-2.6), and ED length of stay from 6.4 h (95% CI = 6.2-6.6) to 6.0 h (95% CI = 5.9-6.2). CONCLUSION: A nurse-focused quality improvement program focused on teaching and promoting USGIV as a modality for managing difficult IV access was associated with increases in USGIV placement and improvements in core process measures related to quality of patient care.

Midline Catheter Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are a unique population who most often begin life acutely or critically ill. Venous access is required by most acutely/critically ill neonates, especially those born preterm. Access is required for implementing management strategies such as stabilization, medications, fluids, nutrition, and transfusion of blood products. However, achieving and maintaining venous access in these neonates can be difficult, especially in preterm infants due to a myriad of contributing factors. Peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are 2 common vascular access approaches used in the NICU and have traditionally been the most studied in the neonatal literature. Both options offer advantages and disadvantages. An alternative to PIVs and PICCs is the midline peripheral catheter (MPC), which in the literature may also be referred to as extended dwell peripheral intravenous catheters. Depending on the intended use, the MPC offers a venous access approach between a PIV and PICC. Usage of MPCs in the NICU is slowly increasing with the limited published evidence suggesting they are viable option when considering the need for vascular access. The purpose of this article is to present the advantages and disadvantages of MPCs as an alternative approach for venous access in neonates when appropriate.

Catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei: A case report and literature review.

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) caused by Lactobacillus spp. and Lacticaseibacillus spp. are rare, and their clinical course and optimal treatment remain uncertain. In this report, we present a 46-year-old male patient who experienced clinically diagnosed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CRBSI on four separate occasions, despite receiving systemic administration of antibiotics and antimicrobial lock therapy. The patient did not develop L. paracasei bacteremia after catheter removal. This case report furthers our knowledge of CRBSI caused by Lactobacillus and related genera and highlights the need for further research.

Accuracy of Noninvasive Blood Pressure Monitoring in Critically Ill Adults.

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure (BP) is routinely invasively monitored by an arterial catheter in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the available data comparing the accuracy of noninvasive methods to arterial catheters for measuring BP in the ICU are limited by small numbers and diverse methodologies. PURPOSE: To determine agreement between invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring (IABP) and noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) in critically ill patients. METHODS: This was a single center, observational study of critical ill adults in a tertiary care facility evaluating agreement (≤10% difference) between simultaneously measured IABP and NIBP. We measured clinical features at time of BP measurement inclusive of patient demographics, laboratory data, severity of illness, specific interventions (mechanical ventilation and dialysis), and vasopressor dose to identify particular clinical scenarios in which measurement agreement is more or less likely. RESULTS: Of the 1852 critically ill adults with simultaneous IABP and NIBP readings, there was a median difference of 6 mm Hg in mean arterial pressure (MAP), interquartile range (1-12), P < .01. A logistic regression analysis identified 5 independent predictors of measurement discrepancy: increasing doses of norepinephrine (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.10 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.08-1.12] P = .03 for every change in 5 µg/min), lower MAP value (aOR 0.98 [0.98-0.99] P < .01 for every change in 1 mm Hg), higher body mass index (aOR 1.04 [1.01-1.09] P = .01 for an increase in 1), increased patient age (aOR 1.31 [1.30-1.37] P < .01 for every 10 years), and radial arterial line location (aOR 1.74 [1.16-2.47] P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: There was broad agreement between IABP and NIBP in critically ill patients over a range of BPs and severity of illness. Several variables are associated with measurement discrepancy; however, their predictive capacity is modest. This may guide future study into which patients may specifically benefit from an arterial catheter.

A standardized educational program to improve peripheral vascular access outcomes in the emergency department: A quasi-experimental pre-post trial.

OBJECTIVE: Difficult intravenous access (DIVA) patients are known to have disproportionately poorer vascular access outcomes. The impact of education and training on vascular access outcomes in this vulnerable population is unclear. We aim to demonstrate the success of a program (Operation (O) STICK) on improving vascular access outcomes in DIVA patients. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental pre-post interventional study conducted at a tertiary care emergency department (ED) with 120,000 annual visits and 1100 hospital beds. Adult patients requiring an ultrasound-guided (US) peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) in the ED were eligible participants. Traditional (palpation method) insertions were excluded. Using multivariable linear regression and inverse probability weighted (IPW) linear regression, the standard group inclusive of PIVCs inserted by staff without formalized OSTICK training were compared to the interventional group inclusive of PIVCs inserted by staff with training and competency in the OSTICK training model. RESULTS: Data were collected over two time intervals: 4/1/21-9/30/21 (pre; non-OSTICK) and 10/1/22-3/31/23 (post; OSTICK). 2375 DIVA patients included 1035 (43.6%) non-OSTICK and 1340 (56.4%) OSTICK PIVCs. Overall, OSTICK PIVCs had a higher proportion of upper arm or forearm placements (94.6% vs 57.4%; p < 0.001), 20 gauge catheters (97.1% vs 92.3%; p < 0.001), and left-sided placements (54.4% vs 43.5%; p < 0.001). 62.7% of OSTICK PIVCs were placed by ED technicians, compared to 25.5% in the non-OSTICK group (p < 0.001). OSTICK PIVCs were placed on the first attempt 86.2% of the time and by the second attempt 95.4% of the time. In a subanalysis of 1343 hospitalized patients (689 (51.3%) OSTICK vs 654 (48.7%) non-OSTICK), OSTICK PIVCs survived for a median of 92% of the patient's hospital length of stay, compared to non-OSTICK PIVCs at 74% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Formalized vascular access training in the ED leads to improved adherence to best practices for PIVC insertion, high success of cannulation with minimal attempts, and improved PIVC functionality during hospitalization for DIVA patients. Importantly, these outcomes are sustainable as they were captured 12 months after implementation of the program.

Evaluating the impact of external forces on peripheral intravenous catheter movement using ultrasound: A randomized pilot study.

BACKGROUND: A major contributor to peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) failure may be related to PIVC movement within the vein which is associated with vein wall damage. The magnitude of PIVC movement against the vein wall has not previously been quantified. This study aimed to examine PIVC movement within the vein when minor forces were applied to the PIVC. METHODS: This was a prospective, pilot trial including healthy volunteers in an outpatient research laboratory. The primary objective was to examine the in movement (millimeters) of the PIVC using ultrasound with external pull forces (4, 5, and 6 lbs; 1.8, 2.3, and 2.7 kg, respectively) applied to the PIVC in random order. RESULTS: Participants (N = 11) were aged 40.36 ± 16.10 years with 54.55% being Male. Mean ± SD PIVC movement for 4, 5, and 6 lbs of force was 4.65 ± 1.88, 3.88 ± 2.28, and 5.25 ± 2.06 mm, respectively. There was substantial PIVC movement when a force was applied to the PIVC, but no statistically significant difference between 4, 5, and 6 lb forces (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: When external pull forces were applied to the PIVC, substantial PIVC movement within the vein occurred in a healthy population. Strategies that reduce PIVC movement and/or remove or limit external pull forces from the PIVC are needed. Future studies on hospitalized patients are warranted to quantify vein wall injury and PIVC failure due to PIVC movement from various pull forces.

Care bundles and peripheral arterial catheters.

HIGHLIGHTS: What we know about the topic: Recommendations for the use of vascular access care bundles to reduce infection are followed for different devices. The risk of arterial catheter-related infection is comparable with short-term, non-cuffed central venous catheters. There are practice concerns for clinicians inserting and caring for peripheral arterial catheters. What this paper adds: The selected studies had a theme of decreased infection after using bundled strategies for all devices. Few studies addressed use of bundles for care of peripheral arterial catheters. High-quality research should be performed about using care bundles for insertion and care of arterial catheters. INTRODUCTION: A scoping review of the literature was performed. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To find information on the use of care bundles for care of arterial, central, and peripherally inserted venous catheters. METHODS: Data was extracted by 2 independent researchers using standardized methodology. RESULTS: Results of 84 studies included 2 (2.4%) randomized controlled trials, 38 (45.2%) observational studies, 29 (34.5%) quality projects, and 15 (17.9%) reviews. Populations had more adults than pediatric patients. All studies had the most prominent theme of decreased infection in all devices after using bundle strategies. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The mapping of available evidence strongly supports the use of care bundles to reduce infection in the care of all intravascular devices. However, deficiencies regarding practice concerns about insertion and care of arterial catheters highlight areas for future research with the aim to eliminate the gap in the evidence of studies of care bundles for peripheral arterial catheters.

Intervenção educativa para melhorar o manejo do dispositivo de acesso vascular totalmente implantado / Intervención educativa para mejorar el manejo del dispositivo de acceso vascular totalmente implantado / Educational intervention to improve management of totally implanted vascular access device

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa para enfermeiros para aumentar o conhecimento e as habilidades práticas de manejo de dispositivos de acesso vascular totalmente implantados. Métodos Estudo quase-experimental realizado em um hospital universitário. A intervenção incluiu exposição a um manual de procedimentos seguida de treinamento teórico-prático sete dias depois. Oitenta e um enfermeiros foram avaliados no início do estudo, após autoexposição ao manual e após receberem treinamento teórico-prático. Os participantes foram avaliados quanto ao seu conhecimento e habilidades práticas no gerenciamento de dispositivos de acesso vascular totalmente implantados. Estatísticas descritivas foram realizadas para todas as variáveis. O teste t pareado foi utilizado para examinar se a pontuação média mudou desde a linha de base até a primeira e segunda avaliações de conhecimento, acesso, desacesso e manutenção do cateter. O nível de significância foi definido como 0,05. Resultados Os aumentos médios nas pontuações após a exposição dos enfermeiros ao manual foram de 18,2 pontos para conhecimento, com 16,5 pontos para técnica de acesso, 15,5 para técnica de desacesso e 24,2 para técnica de manutenção do cateter. Após o treinamento teórico-prático, observamos aumento médio de 4,2 pontos para acesso, com 3,9 para desacesso e 4,2 para manutenção do cateter. Conclusão A intervenção educativa para enfermeiros aumentou os escores médios de conhecimentos e habilidades práticas. Ao final da intervenção, 75% dos enfermeiros atingiram pelo menos 33 pontos de 38 para conhecimento e 77%, 77% e 78% obtiveram escores perfeitos para acesso, desacesso e manutenção, respectivamente. A intervenção educativa foi eficaz na melhoria do conhecimento e das habilidades práticas para manejo de dispositivos de acesso vascular totalmente implantados.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa para enfermeros para aumentar los conocimientos y las habilidades prácticas de manejo de dispositivos de acceso vascular totalmente implantados. Métodos Estudio cuasi experimental realizado en un hospital universitario. La intervención incluyó la exposición a un manual de procedimientos, seguida de una capacitación teórico-práctica siete días después. Se evaluó a 81 enfermeros al comienzo del estudio, después de la autoexposición al manual y después de recibir la capacitación teórico-práctica. Los participantes fueron evaluados respecto a sus conocimientos y habilidades prácticas en la gestión de dispositivos de acceso vascular totalmente implantados. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas para todas las variables. Se utilizó el test-t pareado para examinar si el puntaje promedio cambió desde la línea basal hasta la primera y segunda evaluación de conocimientos, acceso, desacceso y mantenimiento del catéter. El nivel de significación fue definido como 0,05. Resultados El aumento promedio de los puntajes después de la exposición de los enfermeros al manual fue de 18,2 puntos en el conocimiento, con 16,5 puntos en la técnica de acceso, 15,5 en la técnica de desacceso y 24,2 en la técnica de mantenimiento del catéter. Después de la capacitación teórico-práctica, observamos un aumento promedio de 4,2 en el acceso, 3,9 en el desacceso y 4,2 en el mantenimiento del catéter. Conclusión La intervención educativa para enfermeros aumentó el puntaje promedio de conocimientos y habilidades prácticas. Al final de la intervención, el 75 % de los enfermeros alcanzó por lo menos 33 puntos de 38 en el conocimiento y el 77 % obtuvo puntaje perfecto en el acceso y en el desacceso y el 78 % en el mantenimiento. La intervención educativa fue eficaz en la mejora de los conocimientos y habilidades prácticas para el manejo de dispositivos de acceso vascular totalmente implantados.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention for nurses to increase knowledge and practical skills of management of totally implanted vascular access devices. Methods A quasi-experimental study conducted in a teaching hospital. The intervention included exposure to a manual of procedures followed by a theoretical-practical training seven days later. Eighty-one nurses were evaluated at baseline, after self-exposure to the manual, and after receiving the theoretical-practical training. Participants were evaluated on their knowledge and practical skills of totally implanted vascular access device management. Descriptive statistics were performed for all variables. Paired t test was used to examine whether the mean score changed from the baseline to first and second assessments of knowledge, access, de-access and maintenance of catheter. Significance level was set to 0.05. Results Mean increases in scores after nurses were exposed to the manual were: 18.2 points for knowledge, 16.5 points for access technique, 15.5 for de-access technique, and 24.2 for catheter maintenance technique. After the theoretical-practical training, we observed a mean increase of 4.2 points for access, 3.9 for de-access and 4.2 for catheter maintenance. Conclusion The educational intervention for nurses increased mean scores of knowledge and practical skills. At the end of the intervention, 75% of the nurses reached at least 33 points out of 38 for knowledge, and 77%, 77%, and 78% had perfect scores for access, de-access, and maintenance, respectively. The educational intervention was effective in improving knowledge and practical skills for management of totally implanted vascular access devices.

Analysis of tip malposition and correction of peripherally inserted central catheters under ultrasound-guidance: 5-year outcomes from a single center.

BACKGROUND: Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) has become a common procedure. Although ultrasound (US)-guidance has improved success rates, a small percentage of malposition is inevitable. The purpose of our study is to evaluate malposition rates of US-guided bedside PICC catheter insertion, and the clinical factors associated with malposition. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating 5981 patients who had undergone ultrasound-guided bedside PICC placement from January 2017 to December 2021 at a single tertiary center. Final tip location was confirmed on chest radiograph. RESULTS: Patients were categorized into optimal, suboptimal, and malposition groups according to final tip location. 4866 cases (81.7%) showed optimal tip position, 790 (13.3%) were suboptimal, and 299 (5.0%) were malpositioned. Logistic regression analysis identified six variables associated with tip malposition; height (odds ratio (OR) 1.044; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.028-1.061; p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.051; 95% CI, 1.017-1.087; p = 0.003), prior failure at accessing peripheral intravenous (IV) access (OR 1.718; 95% CI, 1.215-2.428; p = 0.002), side of the arm (OR 3.467; 95% CI, 2.457-4.891; p < 0.001), length of the catheter (OR 0.763; 95% CI, 0.734-0.794; p < 0.001), and number of previous central catheter insertions (OR 1.069; 95% CI, 1.004-1.140; p = 0.038). Malpositioned catheters were corrected by either bedside repositioning, bedside reinsertion, fluoroscopic reinsertion, switching to jugular catheters or catheter removal. No patient related factors were significantly associated with malposition or success of reposition. CONCLUSION: US-guidance can help reduce catheter malposition during bedside PICC insertion. Patients with risk factors such as multiple previous central vein insertions, failed peripheral line insertions, left arm insertion, or high BMI should undergo thorough sonographic evaluation of the arm vessels to prevent malposition.

Efectos adversos relacionados con la administración de norepinefrina por accesos venosos periféricos cortos: una revisión de alcance / Adverse effects related with norepinephrine through short peripheral venous access: Scoping review

La administración de norepinefrina por vía periférica es restringida, por la asociación de la extravasación con necrosis tisular. Método: Revisión de alcance con el objetivo de describir los efectos adversos relacionados con la administración de norepinefrina por acceso venoso periférico corto y las características de administración del fármaco en pacientes hospitalizados en servicios de UCI, cirugía y urgencias. Resultados: Se incluyeron 12 estudios de características heterogéneas por tamaño y tipo de población. La proporción de complicaciones asociadas a la administración de norepinefrina por vía periférica fue inferior al 12% en los estudios observacionales y menor al 2% en aquellos que utilizaron dosis menores a 0,13μg/kg/min y concentraciones inferiores a 22,3μg/ml. La principal complicación asociada fue la extravasación y no se presentó ningún caso de necrosis tisular en el sitio de venopunción. El tratamiento farmacológico utilizado para su manejo fue con terbutalina o nitroglicerina tópica; el tiempo de administración del fármaco osciló entre 1 y 528 horas, con una media ponderada de 2,78 horas. Conclusión: El principal efecto adverso fue la extravasación, no se presentaron complicaciones adicionales, la fentolamina y terbutalina parecen ser útiles en estos casos; su disponibilidad es una necesidad para una administración periférica segura. Es necesario que la enfermera realice una valoración estrecha y un cuidado integral en los pacientes que reciben norepinefrina por vía periférica.(AU)

Peripheral administration of norepinephrine is restricted due to the association of extravasation with tissue necrosis. Method: scoping review with the objective of describing the adverse effects related to the administration of norepinephrine through short peripheral venous access and the characteristics of drug administration in patients hospitalized in ICU, surgery, and emergency services. Results: 12 studies with heterogeneous characteristics by size and type of population were included. The proportion of complications associated with peripheral norepinephrine administration was less than 12% in observational studies and it was less than 2% in those that used doses less than 0.13μg/kg/min, and concentrations less than 22.3μg/ml. The main associated complication was extravasation and there were no cases of tissue necrosis at the venipuncture site, some extravasation cases were treated with phentolamine, terbutaline or topical nitroglycerin. The drug administration time ranged between 1-528hours with a weighted mean of 2.78h. Conclusion: The main adverse effect was extravasation, no additional complications occurred, phentolamine and terbutaline seem to be useful, and its availability is a necessity. It is essential for the nursing staff to carry out a close assessment and comprehensive care in patients receiving norepinephrine by peripheral route.(AU)

Removal of stuck tunnelled dialysis line requiring cardiopulmonary bypass and venous repair.

Tunnelled central venous dialysis catheters can usually be removed easily. However, their removal can become rarely complicated requiring more invasive techniques. We report a case in which cardiopulmonary bypass and repair of great veins was required for safe removal. A 38-year-old female with end-stage renal failure and a 3-year-old Hickman line inserted into her right internal jugular vein was referred to our cardiac surgical unit following failed attempts of line removal by local vascular surgical team using open vascular surgical techniques. As a result, an MDT decision was made that it was safer to proceed to a cardiothoracic surgical approach rather than other techniques. Investigations showed significant calcification surrounding the line which was adherent to the venous wall. Removal of the retained catheter required median sternotomy and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass as the great veins had to be opened to free the line and allow complete removal. The line was successfully removed with its encircling calcified sheath, and the veins were closed primarily without needing a patch repair. The integrity of the great veins was maintained to meet the on-going need this young patient has for central venous access. The patient made an uneventful recovery. When other measures fail, sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass provide a safe option for complete removal of stuck central venous catheters with low risk to the patient.

Femoral venous access: State of the art and future perspectives.

In the past 5 years, non-dialysis femoral venous access has changed in terms of indications, techniques of insertion, and expected incidence of complications. To the traditional non-emergency indication for femoral catheters-obstruction of the superior vena cava-many other indications have been added, both in intensive and non-intensive care. The insertion technique has evolved, thanks to ultrasound guided venipuncture, tunneling, and ultrasound based intraprocedural tip location. Insertion of femorally inserted central catheters may be today regarded as a procedure with an extremely low intraprocedural and post-procedural risk. The risk of infection is reduced by the possibility of the exit site at mid-thigh, by the use of cyanoacrylate glue for sealing the exit site, and by appropriate intraprocedural strategies of infection prevention. The risk of catheter-related thrombosis is low, due to several concomitant strategies: a proper match between vein diameter and catheter caliber; an accurate intraprocedural assessment of tip location by ultrasound and/or intracavitary ECG; the consistent use of ultrasound guided venipuncture and micro-introducer kits; an adequate stabilization of the catheter at the exit site. The risk of mechanical complications and the risk of lumen occlusion are minimized when using polyurethane, power injectable catheters. All these novelties have brought a revolution in the field of femoral venous access, so that this route may be considered as safe and effective as other approaches to central venous catheterization.